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You can see that the calculation is sent to CHILDWRITE, which is then read by the child from CHILDREAD The result is then calculated and sent back to the parent via PARENTWRITE, where the parent reads the result from PARENTREAD Note that you must use newlines as terminators when communicating between the parent and the child to identify the end of the communication You could have used any string (see Data Transfer in 12), but newlines are the natural choice, since it s what you use elsewhere Another alternative is to use sockets, and you saw many examples of this in 12 There is, however, one trick particularly relevant to communication between parents and children This is the socketpair function, which is only supported on a small number of platforms It works in a similar way to pipe, except that you can use just two filehandles to communicate between the two processes Here s another version of the preceding example, this time using socketpair:

hemisphere to expand after removal of a large clot The dif culty of managing these patients surgically should not be underestimated Elderly patients may be slow to recover after removal of the chronic hematoma or may have a prolonged period of confusion Postoperative expansion of the brain can be followed by serial CT scans and may take weeks Small, asymptomatic chronic collections are usually left alone and followed serially by clinical and CT examination, rst at weekly and then monthly and yearly intervals Although no longer a common practice, the administration of corticosteroids is an alternative to surgical removal of subacute and chronic subdural hematomas in patients with minor symptoms or with some contraindication to surgery Headache and other symptoms, such as gait dif culty or limb clumsiness, may resolve satisfactorily after several weeks of medication and may remain abated when the steroids are slowly reduced

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This encapsulated collection of clear or xanthochromic uid in the subdural space may form after an injury as well as after meningitis (in an infant or young child) More often subdural hygromas appear without infection, presumably due to a ball-valve effect of an arachnoidal tear that allows cerebrospinal uid to collect in the space between the arachnoid and the dura; brain atrophy is conducive to this process Occasionally a hygroma originates from a tear in an arachnoidal cyst It may be dif cult to differentiate a long-standing subdural hematoma from hygroma, and some chronic subdural hematomas are probably the result of repeated small hemorrhages that arise from the membranes of hygromas Shrinkage of the hydrocephalic brain after ventriculoperitoneal shunting is also conducive to the formation of a subdural hematoma or hygroma, in which case drowsiness, confusion, irritability, and low-grade fever are relieved when the subdural uid is aspirated or drained In adults, hygromas are usually asymptomatic and do not require treatment

use IO::Handle; use Socket; socketpair(CHILD, PARENT, AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, PF_UNSPEC) or die "socketpair failed: $!"; PARENT->autoflush(1); CHILD->autoflush(1);

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Figure 35-11 Chronic subdural hematomas over both cerebral hemispheres, without shift of the ventricular system Chronicity results in hypodense appearance of the clots Some old blood can still be seen on the right side The bilaterally balanced masses result in an absence of horizontal displacement, but they may compress the upper brainstem

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whereM = nlass(mg), rr : the initial time (min), r: : rhe llnal tirne (rnin), Q1r) : flow rare (m3/min), and c(r) : a rd = concentration (mg/rn3) The following functional represySqal :f | ,-' ,/,r Jn Jt sentations define the temporal variations in flow and Use (a) two-point and (b) rhree-pointGauss-Legendre croncentration: the formulas estimateeri( 15)Determinethe percentrelarive to QQ):9+,icos21o4r1 enorforeach based the true valuewhich canbe decase on ' * c ( t ) - 5 e - ( )5 / Z e t t ' 1 s r rvith termined MATLAB's built-in tirnction +r:f Theforce on a sailboatmastcan be represented the 185 by Determine the mass transported between 1r : 2 and following function: l: : 8 min rvith (a) Romberg integrationto a toleranceof rH 01Vc: (b) the MMLAB qu,:il function and ,, n dF = I too{ ----, ),, 189 Evaluate doubleinteglal the \ / t--,/ Jo where;: the elevation abovethe deck and 11: the heighr of themastCompute F fbr the case where I1 : -10using (a) Romberg integrationto a tolerance e : 05olc the (b) of tu,o-point Gauss-Legendre formula and (c) rhe MNLAB q:r;dI'unction Theroot-mean-square 18,6 cunent cln tre cornputed as

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if ($child = fork) # Parent code { close PARENT; print CHILD "34+56;\n"; chomp($result = <CHILD>); print "Got a value of $result from child\n"; waitpid($child,0); close CHILD; } else { close CHILD; chomp($calculation = <PARENT>); $result = eval "$calculation"; print PARENT "$result\n"; close PARENT; exit; }